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 TechNotes


Diseases Tips Index

Please click on the disease titles below or scroll down the page.

 

Red Thread »
Dollar Spot »
Melting out/Kentucky Bluegrass III »
Cedar apple rust »
Melting-out/Kentucky Bluegrass III »
Melting-out/Kentucky Bluegrass II »
Apple Scab Fungus »
Melting-out/Kentucky bluegrass »
Typhula blight »
Microdochium patch »
Anthracnose »

Dogwood anthracnose »
Dogwood powdery mildew »
Dollar spot »
Pink snow mold »
Rust »
Summer patch »
Yellow nut sedge »

Red thread continues to be a problem on Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass turf throughout the northern U.S. as of May 2000. Although this disease is easily controlled with fungicides, increasing the fertility of these lawns should effectively decrease the severity of this disease.

Red thread is a serious problem in many Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass turfs. Generally, these turfs are somewhat deficient in nitrogen. Increase nitrogen to decrease the severity of the disease. If the disease persists, a fungicide application may be recommended.

Perennial ryegrass is especially susceptible to red thread. Circular bleached out areas often form in lawns. The diagnostic key to this disease is the presence of red threads (stroma) protruding from the leaf blade.

Red thread (causal agent: Laetisaria fuciformis) is a serious spring disease of Kentucky bluegrass, fine fescue and perennial ryegrass during periods of heavy dews, fog, and light rains. Circular to irregular shaped patches form that are straw to pinkish in color. A diagnostic key for this disease is the presence of red threads (stroma) coming out of the leaf blade. In addition, pink cottony balls (small in diameter) may be present (especially on perennial ryegrass). Sometimes this heavy reddish mass of mycelium causes confusion with pink snow mold. Red thread is especially severe on slow growing, nitrogen deficient turf. Nitrogen applications can help reduce the severity of the disease but avoid excessive nitrogen rates. TechNotes Volume III, Issue 21, May 25, 2000; Volume III, Issue 19, May 11, 2000; Volume III, Issue 17, April 28, 2000; Volume III, Issue 14, April 6, 2000
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Dollar spot (pathogen: Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) will begin to appear on some Kentucky bluegrass lawns in early spring. This disease is generally a sporadic and minor problem. However, in some cases it can be severe. The symptoms appear as bleached out or straw colored patches. These patches may be a couple to several inches in diameter. The leaf lesion has a bleached out center with a brown border. The lesion is also shaped like an “hour glass.” TechNotes Volume III, Issue 20, May 18, 2000
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Melting out (pathogen: Drechslera poae) on common Kentucky bluegrass is especially severe this year in areas where cool wet conditions have prevailed. The disease is often most noticeable after mowing. This disease is most severe on older leaves, which are located closest to the soil surface. After mowing, these older leaves are more exposed. Preventative measures include using resistant Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. Fungicides can also be used if the disease is severe. TechNotes Volume III, Issue 18, May 4, 2000
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Cedar apple rust is apparent in early spring on junipers. The fungus produces colored galls or "spore horns" that are bright orange. TechNotes Volume III, Issue 16, April 20, 2000
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Melting-out of Kentucky bluegrass becomes more apparent in areas that have been wet and cool. This fungus causes a general thinning of the turf. Leaf lesions appear as a circular bleached out center with a purple border. TechNotes Volume III, Issue 16, April 20, 2000
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Melting-out (causal agent: Drechslera poae) is a serious disease of Kentucky bluegrass during cool wet weather periods of spring. The lesion appears purplish black, often with a yellow ring around the lesion. The overall turf symptoms can appear as circular to nondescript thinning of the turf. Culturally it is best to apply nitrogen fertilizers at rates that encourage moderate spring growth. Excessive growth due to fertilization should be avoided. In the long term reduce thatch since excessive thatch enhances the disease severity. TechNotes Volume III, Issue 14, April 6, 2000
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The apple scab fungus (Venturia inaequalis) initiates infection at time of bud break. Cool and rainy conditions favor the initial infection by this fungus. The ascospores overwinter in fruiting structures called perithecia present on leaves and old fruits. With the coming of early spring rains, these spores are splashed up on newly emerging tissue, causing infection. The ascospores will continue to infect until petal fall. Lesions appear brown to olive green with feathery margins. If infection is severe, leaves will curl and become distorted. TechNotes Volume III, Issue 13, March 30, 2000
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Melting-out is a serious disease of Kentucky bluegrass lawns in the spring. It can also cause damage on tall fescue and perennial ryegrass. The disease is caused by the pathogen Drechslera poae. The leaf lesions appear as reddish to purplish spots on the leaf. These lesions are sometimes surrounded by a yellowish or chlorotic ring. Cool, humid weather is ideal for this pathogen to infect turf. TechNotes Volume III, Issue 12, March 23, 2000
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Typhula blight is a common snow mold of the northern U.S. and is first apparent at snow melt. Symptoms appear as circular areas ranging from 6 inches to 3 feet, of light yellow, straw or grayish turf. All turfgrasses are susceptible to this disease. Cultural control measures include avoiding heavy nitrogen applications in the autumn that promotes succulent growth. Excessive thatch and compacted soils seem to enhance the severity of this disease. In the spring, light applications of nitrogen can be made to the infected area. Raking the infected area may also stimulate recovery. If the turf does not respond, you may need to reseed those areas. TechNotes Volume III, Issue 6, February 10, 2000
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Microdochium patch or pink snow mold often occurs in conjunction with Typhula blight. This disease, however, does not require a snow cover like Typhula blight. Microdochium patch appears as circular patches that appear initially as an orangish-brown color. The control measures for this disease are similar to those for Typhula blight. TechNotes Volume III, Issue 6, February 10, 2000
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Anthracnose, a common disease of ash, oak and maple was not much of a problem in drought areas during 1999. However, leaf scorch can be mistaken in these areas for anthracnose. TechNotes Archive
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Dogwood anthracnose can be a problem in the southeastern United States. Generally this disease is more severe in woodland sites than in more open landscape sites. TechNotes Archive
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Dogwood powdery mildew is common in autumn and is present through most of the southeastern United States. This disease can cause leaves to turn a reddish color. Eventually, some leaf deformation will occur with the diagnostic whitish cast to the leaf occurring due to the fungus. This disease appears to get worse with each passing year (We don't know why). TechNotes Archive
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Dollar spot continues to be a disease problem on Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass. Symptoms appear as small to medium size patches. The leaf lesion has a bleached out center in an hourglass shape with a brown border. TechNotes Archive
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Pink snow mold and Microdochium patch are names given to the disease caused by Microdochium nivale. This disease can begin to occur in areas of the country where temperatures are between 32 and 46 F and cloudy, rainy conditions exist. This disease does not require snow mold. Heavy thatched lawns and lawns receiving excessive nitrogen fertilization are at risk. TechNotes Archive
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Rust caused by the pathogen Puccinia graminis is present on turfgrasses that have slowed growth. Rust can be especially severe on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass. Symptoms appear as yellow-orange postules on the leaf blade. If the infection is severe enough, walking through the turf will result in one's shoes turning an orange color. The best control for rust is to keep the turfgrass growing. A fertilizer application is a cultural practice that will reduce the severity of the disease. If necessary, fungicides are available to control the disease. TechNotes Archive
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Summer patch and necrotic ring spot, caused by the pathogens Magnaporthe poae and Leptosphaeria korrae, respectively, are two major diseases of cool season turfgrasses during the summer. Kentucky bluegrass is especially susceptible to these diseases, and oftentimes symptoms are expressed during summer stress times. Symptoms can vary but are usually circular patches of straw colored turf that develop with a circular green patch in the middle (frog eye pattern). Weeds like crabgrass and yellow nutsedge will often invade the blighted turf areas. Curative control with fungicides is difficult and results are often mixed. Practices that promote recovery, like nitrogen fertilization and frequent irrigation, should be practiced. Overseeding the diseased areas with perennial ryegrass is also practiced in the northern U.S. TechNotes Archive
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Yellow nutsedge can infest and cause significant disruption to turfgrass areas. Yellow nutsedge is easily identified by its triangular stem and light yellow color. It is a perennial that reproduces by seed, rhizomes and small tubers. These tubers are a prime source for infestation year after year. Yellow nutsedge is found in warm weather areas throughout the northern United States. Purple nutsedge is similar to yellow nutsedge but is found in the southern United States. TechNotes Archive
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TechNotes is part of the Lawn & Landscape Contractors Program offered by Novartis Turf & Ornamental Products. Contractors interested in more information on the program can e-mail joseph.dipaola@cp.novartis.com. More information on Novartis products is available at http://www.cp.us.novartis.com/products/lawn.shtml
TechNotes Archive refers to information contained in 1998-1999 Novartis TechNotes issues.


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